Between a deluge of mostly bullish stock market Q1 earnings in the last month, positive Inflation CPI data last week and a continued overall fixation on how the Federal Reserve in the United States will respond to such macro-economic data, it’s needless to say we’re at a pivotal turning point in the current market cycle. Where we were a mere two years ago in uncertain waters with the FED raising rates, rampant increasing YoY Inflation data and uncertainty in the Bond market, the FED’s objective of a “Soft landing” in an attempt to cool inflation and restore growth to the markets has remained in the minds of traders. It’s important for the FED to achieve this objective because as we saw for the greater part of 2022, increased inflation and rising prices in the market created further uncertainty in the Bond market, causing a sharp selloff; consequently, leading to a sharp spike in yields and an inverted Yield Curve. This proceeded the following hawkish rate hiking cycle and sentiment from not just the FED, but also most western Central banks globally such as Australia.
Several factors contribute to the inflation rate, including supply chain disruptions, labor market conditions, and commodity prices. The persistence of high inflation can be attributed to lingering supply chain issues, elevated demand for goods and services post-pandemic, and geopolitical tensions affecting oil and food prices. Whilst all the above factors are true, it’s also not the whole story. Aggressively doveish monetary policy from the FED and most developed Central Banks around the world during the pandemic saw us cutting rates to all-time lows. In the FED’s case, this was even as low as a flat 0% for the Federal Funds rate, combined with a $700 Billion Quantitative Easing Program that sought to inject significant currency into the Treasury market, in an attempt to re-inflate the market and stave off a more severe crash due to the economic conditions wrought by the pandemic at the time. Since then, we’ve witnessed the 2021 Bull run in Cryptocurrency that created investing euphoria to unprecedented levels, birthing meme stock investing such as $GME (GameStop stock) and DOGE coin, and of course plotting BTC at a near $70,000 USD high at the time. It’s needed to say that this was unsustainable in the short to medium term as we welcomed a rise in interest rates to curb the inflation in the broader economy that came with such mania, a stark contrast to the Zero Interest Rate Policy (ZIRP) the FED aggressively pushed just a few years prior. Ultimately, all of this has culminated and landed us here where we are today, let’s take a deeper look.
The FED managed to raise their Federal Funds Rate to a current target of 5.25%-5.50%. During the period of hiking, we saw a correction in the broader financial markets globally during 2022, however coming out of this we’ve seen steady gains and reversing of price to the upside for nearly all market sectors; including Cryptocurrency. US Inflation naturally has come down since the continuous FED hiking cycle, of which the last rate hike of 25 basis points was in July of 2023 creating the Federal Funds rate target of 5.25%-5.50% we see today. The corresponding downtrend in CPI data that came along with the hikes alleviated bearish market fears of further rate hikes which naturally saw us climb to the higher market prices we see now.